Disassortative mixing in online social networks

The conventional wisdom is that social networks exhibit an assortative mixing pattern, whereas biological and technological networks show a disassortative mixing pattern. However, the recent research on the online social networks modifies the widespread belief, and many online social networks show a disassortative or neutral mixing feature. Especially, we found that an online social network, Wealink, underwent a transition from degree assortativity characteristic of real social networks to degree disassortativity characteristic of many online social networks, and the transition can be reasonably elucidated by a simple network model that we propose. The relations among network assortativity, clustering, and modularity are also discussed in the paper.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

異方性二次元遷移金属ダイカルゴゲナイド材料ReS₂の光特性およびキャリアダイナミクス

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(エネルギー科学)甲第23586号エネ博第432号新制||エネ||82(附属図書館)京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー応用科学専攻(主査)教授 松田 一成, 教授 宮内 雄平学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Energy ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Evaluation of Porcine IPEC-J2 Cell Line Growth Rate and Immune Response to E. coli (0111:B4) LPS

The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal porcine epithelial cell-jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2) cell line as a model to study the innate immune function of live pigs. Growth rates of IPEC-J2 cells in T-75 flasks and 96-well plates were evaluated using a hemocytometer and spectrophotometer for cell quantity measurements to determine growth rate and doubling time. Growth rates of IPEC-J2 cells in T-75 flasks and 96-well plates were 0.4016 and 0.2851 times of doubling/day respectively with a doubling time of 1.73 d and 2.43 d, respectively. Confluent IPEC-J2 monolayers were tested at five time intervals (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h) and four LPS concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL). Under these treatments, relative gene expression of GM-CSF, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6, TLR8 and TLR10 were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. There were no LPS concentration × culture time interactions observed for any gene (P \u3e 0.13). Main effects were analyzed. The GM-CSF, IL-8, and TLR4 were significantly stimulated by LPS challenge at increasing culture time and the expression peaked at 2, 4, and 4 h respectively (P \u3c 0.05). Expression of TNF-α tended to increase linearly with increasing LPS concentration and decrease linearly with increasing culture time (P = 0.10). TLR2 tended to be up regulated by increasing LPS challenge time (Quadratic effect, P = 0.08). Increasing culture time lead to a down regulation of IL-6 expression, and reached a low point at 4 h (Quadratic effect, P \u3c 0.05). TLR3 tended to be down regulated with increasing culture time (Quadratic effect, P = 0.10). Results of the current study suggest that the IPEC-J2 cell line can be used as a model for evaluating the impact of specific bacteria on immune response in vitro